Peru's Development Strategy
The Peruvian government is pursuing an agenda centered on sustainability and regionalization, with a clear focus on climate protection, poverty reduction, and strengthening local communities:
Peru is a resource-rich, geographically diverse country with significant economic momentum and deep-rooted social and regional disparities. From the Pacific coast through the Andes to the Amazon Basin, the country encompasses vast ecosystems of global biodiversity importance. At the same time, Peru is structurally characterized by inequality, political instability, and environmental degradation.
Despite relatively high per capita growth and an export-oriented economy (mining, agriculture, fishing), large segments of the population—particularly in rural Andean and Amazonian regions—remain largely excluded from basic services, infrastructure, and participation.
Climate change is affecting Peru in several ways: melting glaciers, more frequent floods and droughts, and increasing erosion are threatening the livelihoods of millions of people.
Peru thus serves as a prime example of the challenge of transforming economic growth into a socio-ecological transition—one that is equitable, resilient, and geographically balanced.
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– National Development Plan to 2050
A long-term vision for a prosperous, equitable, and sustainable Peru, based on seven national priorities, including environmental justice and territorial cohesion.
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– National Climate Change Adaptation Plan (2021–2030)
A framework strategy to increase the resilience of vulnerable populations, protect natural resources, and promote early warning systems and climate-resilient infrastructure.
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– Agenda 2030 & Integration of the SDGs
The National SDG Platform (Ceplan) coordinates the cross-sectoral integration of global sustainability goals into public programs and subnational plans.
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– National Policy on Family Farming
Supporting smallholder farmers and improving access to resources, markets, and technology—especially for women, indigenous producers, and remote communities.
These strategies are designed to be inclusive: they combine ecological resilience, territorial integration, and social justice—with a strong focus on the 2030 Agenda and the AU’s 2063 Agenda.
An Overview of the Challenges
Climate Change & Natural Hazards
Peru loses glacier ice every year, which threatens water availability in the Andean regions. Floods and landslides in the Amazon and along the coast are on the rise. Rural communities have virtually no infrastructure for risk management.
Land Distribution & Marginalized Regions
Although more than 50% of the rural population works in the agricultural sector, exports are controlled by a small number of players. Smallholder farming is underfunded, and access to land, credit, and training is unevenly distributed.
Indigenous Territories & Resource Conflicts
More than 55 indigenous groups live in the Peruvian Amazon region. Many of their territories are threatened by illegal logging, mining, and a weak government presence—which leads to chronic conflicts.
Urban Peripheries & Environmental Impact
In urban centers such as Lima or Trujillo, large segments of the population live in informal settlements with inadequate access to water, energy, transportation, and waste management—often in areas particularly vulnerable to climate change.
Global Alliances & Multilateral Cooperation
Climate Finance & Adaptation Partnerships
Peru is an active member of the NDC Partnership and receives funding from the GCF, GEF, and bilateral partners (e.g., Germany, Switzerland, Norway) for climate change adaptation, forest conservation, and the inclusion of indigenous peoples.
Biodiversity & Amazon Partnerships
As a member of the Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization (ACTO), Peru is committed to bioregional cooperation—including in the areas of indigenous rights, monitoring, and ecosystem-based economies.
SDG Governance & Participatory Planning
With a developed SDG framework, a subnational coordination platform, and regular reporting to the UN, Peru is a regional leader in institutionalizing global sustainability goals.
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